nephrology 

long questions 

1. Discuss etiopathogenesis, immunology, clinical features and management of rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis.

2. Discuss approach to patient of rapid progressive Glomerulonephritis discuss treatment of immune glomerulonephritis

3. Discuss approach to a patient of rapidly progressive AKI.

4. Discuss treatment of acute renal failure (ARF).

5. Discuss etiology clinical features investigations and management of acute renal failure

6. Discuss renal replacement therapy (repeat)

7. Discuss clinical evaluation in case of nephrotic syndrome

8. Write about the etiopathogenesis of adult-onset nephrotic syndrome, its complications and management.

9. Classify major causes of ARF. Discuss the pathophysiology, clinical features and management of ATN (repeat) 

10. Aetiopathogenesis, clinical features, management of ARF (2)

11. Define CKD. Aetiopathogenesis, clinical features, biochemical manifestations of CKD. Discuss

12. staging and management of CKD and add a note on complications. Indications for dialysis.

13. Acid-base disorders

14. Aetiology, clinical features, management of hyponatraemia

15. Causes, diagnosis, management of hypercalcaemia

16. Clinical features, diagnosis, staging, treatment of diabetic nephropathy (2)

17. Discuss the aetiopathogenesis, clinical features, management of glomerular diseases with nephritis presentation

18. Histopathology of kidney – in health and disease

short answer questions 

1. Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. (Repeated)

2. Nephrotic syndrome – Clinical features and management (Repeated)

3. Etiopathogenesis of acute Glomerulonephritis (Repeated)

4. Management of anaemia in end stage renal disease. (Repeated)

5. Management of chronic renal disease (Repeated)

6. Rapidly progressive Glomerulonephritis (Repeated)

7. Renal replacement therapy (Repeated)

8. CRRT

9. Describe the sodium handling by nephron discuss SIADH

10. Diet in Chronic Renal Failure.

11. Metabolic bone disease in chronic kidney disease

12. Renal Biopsy.

13. Renal tubular function test

14. Renal vein thrombosis.

15. Types and causes of acute renal failure

16. Urea clearance ratio.

17. Kidney as endocrine gland

18. Lupus Nephritis

19. Adipsic hypernatraemia

20. Diabetes insipidus

21. Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus

22. Proteinuria

23. Causes and diagnosis of chronic renal failure

24. Alport syndrome

25. Berger’s disease and IgA nephropathy (repeated)

26. Gitelman’s syndrome

27. Anaemia in CRF

28. Treatment of acute uncomplicated UTI

29. Management of AKI in ICU

30. HIV associated nephropathy

31. Endogenous nephrotoxins and kidney injury

32. Liddle syndrome

33. Physiology of water balance

34. Hyponatraemia (4)

35. Abnormalities of potassium

36. Role of kidney in potassium homeostasis

37. Respiratory acidosis (2)

38. Respiratory alkalosis (2)

39. Lactic acidosis

40. Metabolic acidosis

41. Hypercalcaemia

42. AD-PKD

43. ABG

44. Pathogenesis of renal osteodystrophy

45. Renal osteodystrophy

46. Acute pyelonephritis

47. Aetiology of pyelonephritis

48. Metabolic alkalosis

49. Interstitial nephritis (2)

50. Renal transplantation (3)

51. Post-renal transplant management

52. Renal tubular acidosis (3)

53. Magnesium deficiency

54. Evaluation of haematuria

55. Haematological consequences of nephritic syndrome

56. Acute nephritic syndrome (2)

57. Donor nephrectomy

58. Problems with haemodialysis. Note on intermittent haemodialysis

59. Complications of dialysis

60. SIADH (3)

61. ECG and potassium – significance

62. Indications and contraindications of renal biopsy

63. Haemolytic uraemic syndrome

64. IgA nephropathy

65. Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis – microscopic appearance

66. Anion gap

67. Renal failure indices

68. Pathology of membrane proliferative (mesangiocapillary) glomerulonephritis

69. Gittelmanns syndrome

70. Periodic paralysis syndrome

71. Renal failure with normal size or enlarged kidneys